Which solution is classified as hypertonic?

A hypertonic solution is one that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluids inside a cell. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell to balance the concentration gradient, which can lead to cell shrinkage.

5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's is classified as a hypertonic solution because its solute concentration is higher than that of the cells, primarily due to the presence of dextrose and electrolytes. This composition results in a higher osmolarity compared to normal body fluids, leading to the movement of water from inside the cells into the surrounding solution.

In contrast, the other options listed have lower solute concentrations compared to body fluids. For instance, 0.45% NaCl and 0.33% NaCl are both classified as hypotonic solutions, meaning they would cause water to enter cells, potentially leading to swelling. Normal saline, which is 0.9% NaCl, is isotonic, meaning it has the same solute concentration as body fluids, and does not cause significant movement of water into or out of cells. Thus, 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's stands out as the hyperton