Which condition narrows or blocks the arteries of the heart?

Coronary artery disease is the condition that specifically narrows or blocks the arteries of the heart. This occurs due to the buildup of plaque, which is composed of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in the blood. As plaque accumulates along the artery walls, it restricts blood flow to the heart muscle, ultimately leading to issues such as angina (chest pain) or even heart attacks.

The narrowing of the arteries due to coronary artery disease can significantly reduce blood supply to the heart, putting extra strain on the heart and potentially leading to serious complications if left untreated. This makes it essential to recognize, diagnose, and manage this condition effectively to maintain cardiovascular health.

In contrast, the other conditions listed do not directly involve the blockage of arteries specific to the heart. Anemia refers to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, impacting overall oxygen delivery in the body, but not necessarily causing blockage of coronary arteries. Heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump effectively, whereas arrhythmia involves irregular heartbeats, neither of which directly relates to the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries.