What condition is characterized by pain in the chest due to reduced blood supply to the heart?

Angina pectoris is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the chest pain or discomfort that arises when the heart muscle does not receive sufficient blood flow, typically due to narrowed coronary arteries. This condition often occurs during physical exertion or stress when the heart demands more oxygen than the narrowed arteries can supply. The pain can be described as a feeling of pressure or squeezing in the chest, and it usually subsides with rest or medication that improves blood flow.

In contrast, heart failure refers to the heart's inability to pump blood effectively, which may lead to a range of symptoms but is not exclusively characterized by chest pain from inadequate blood supply. Myocardial infarction, or a heart attack, involves the death of heart muscle tissue due to a prolonged lack of blood supply, often presenting with more intense and persistent chest pain. Arrhythmia consists of abnormal heart rhythms, which might cause symptoms like palpitations or dizziness but is not characterized by chest pain linked to blood supply issues. Therefore, angina pectoris is distinctly marked by the transitory nature of chest pain resulting from oxygen deprivation to the heart.